Internally Trimmed Precision IC Multiplier AD534 FEATURES APPLICATIONS High quality analog signal processing Differential ratio and percentage computations Algebraic and trigonometric function synthesis Wideband, high crest rms-to-dc conversion Accurate voltage controlled oscillators and filters Available in chip form FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM STABLE REFERENCE AND BIAS SF +VS -VS TRANSFER FUNCTION X1 V-TO-1 X2 TRANSLINEAR MULTIPLIER ELEMENT Y1 VOUT = A (X1 - X2) (Y1 - Y2) - (Z1 - Z2) SF V-TO-1 Y2 A Z1 V-TO-1 OUT HIGH GAIN OUTPUT AMPLIFIER 0.75 ATTEN Z2 09675-006 Pretrimmed to 0.25% maximum 4-quadrant error (AD534L) All inputs (X, Y, and Z) differential, high impedance for [(X1 - X2)(Y1 - Y2)/10 V] + Z2 transfer function Scale factor adjustable to provide up to x100 gain Low noise design: 90 V rms, 10 Hz to10 kHz Low cost, monolithic construction Excellent long-term stability Figure 1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION The AD534 is a monolithic laser trimmed four-quadrant multiplier divider having accuracy specifications previously found only in expensive hybrid or modular products. A maximum multiplication error of 0.25% is guaranteed for the AD534L without any external trimming. Excellent supply rejection, low temperature coefficients and long-term stability of the on-chip thin film resistors and buried Zener reference preserve accuracy even under adverse conditions of use. It is the first multiplier to offer fully differential, high impedance operation on all inputs, including the Z input, a feature that greatly increases its flexibility and ease of use. The scale factor is pretrimmed to the standard value of 10.00 V; by means of an external resistor, this can be reduced to values as low as 3 V. The wide spectrum of applications and the availability of several grades commend this multiplier as the first choice for all new designs. The AD534J (1% maximum error), AD534K (0.5% maximum), and AD534L (0.25% maximum) are specified for operation over the 0C to +70C temperature range. The AD534S (1% maximum) and AD534T (0.5% maximum) are specified over the extended temperature range, -55C to +125C. All grades are available in hermetically sealed TO-100 metal cans and SBDIP packages. AD534K, AD534S, and AD534T chips are also available. Rev. C Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A. Tel: 781.329.4700 www.analog.com Fax: 781.461.3113 (c)1977-2011 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. AD534 TABLE OF CONTENTS Features .............................................................................................. 1 Functional Description.................................................................. 12 Applications....................................................................................... 1 Provides Gain with Low Noise ..................................................... 12 Functional Block Diagram .............................................................. 1 Operation as a Multiplier .......................................................... 12 General Description ......................................................................... 1 Operation as a Squarer .............................................................. 13 Revision History ............................................................................... 2 Operation as a Divider............................................................... 13 Specifications..................................................................................... 3 Operation as a Square Rooter................................................... 14 Absolute Maximum Ratings............................................................ 7 Unprecedented Flexibility ......................................................... 14 Thermal Resistance ...................................................................... 7 Applications Information .............................................................. 15 ESD Caution.................................................................................. 7 Outline Dimensions ....................................................................... 17 Pin Configurations and Function Descriptions ........................... 8 Ordering Guide .......................................................................... 18 Typical Performance Characteristics ........................................... 10 REVISION HISTORY 4/11--Rev. B to Rev. C Changes to Features Section, Figure 1, and General Description Section ........................................................... 1 Added Pin Configurations and Function Descriptions Section................................................................................................ 8 Moved Provides Gain with Low Noise Section .......................... 12 Moved Unprecedented Flexibility Section .................................. 14 Updated Outline Dimensions ....................................................... 17 Changes to Ordering Guide .......................................................... 18 Rev. C | Page 2 of 20 AD534 SPECIFICATIONS TA = 25C, VS = 15 V, R 2 k, all minimum and maximum specifications are guaranteed, unless otherwise noted. Table 1. Parameter MULTIPLIER PERFORMANCE Transfer Function Min AD534J Typ ( X 1 - X 2 )(Y1 - Y2 ) 10 V Total Error 1 (-10 V X, Y +10 V) TA = TMIN to TMAX Total Error vs. Temperature Scale Factor Error (SF = 10.000 V Nominal) 3 Temperature Coefficient of Scaling Voltage Supply Rejection (15 V 1 V) Nonlinearity, X (X = 20 V p-p, Y = 10 V) Nonlinearity, Y (Y = 20 V p-p, X = 10 V Feedthrough 4 , X (Y Nulled, X = 20 V p-p 50 Hz) Feedthrough4, Y (X Nulled, Y = 20 V p-p, 50 Hz) Output Offset Voltage Output Offset Voltage Drift DYNAMICS Small Signal BW (VOUT = 0.1 rms) 1% Amplitude Error (CLOAD = 1000 pF) Slew Rate (VOUT 20 p-p) Settling Time (to 1%, D VOUT = 20 V) NOISE Noise Spectral Density SF = 10 V SF = 3 V 5 Wideband Noise f = 10 Hz to 5 MHz f = 10 Hz to 10 kHz OUTPUT Output Voltage Swing Output Impedance (f 1 kHz) Output Short-Circuit Current (RL = 0 , TA = TMIN to TMAX) Amplifier Open-Loop Gain (f = 50 Hz) INPUT AMPLIFIERS (X, Y, and Z) 6 Signal Voltage Range Differential or Common Mode Operating Differential Offset Voltage (X, Y) Offset Voltage Drift (X, Y) Offset Voltage (Z) Offset Voltage Drift (Z) CMRR Max + Z2 Min AD534K Typ ( X 1 - X 2 )(Y1 - Y2 ) 10 V 1.0 2 + Z2 Min AD534L Typ ( X 1 - X 2 )(Y1 - Y2 ) 10 V 0.52 Max Unit + Z2 0.252 1.5 0.022 1.0 0.015 0.5 0.008 % % %/C 0.25 0.1 0.1 % 0.02 0.01 0.4 0.01 0.01 0.2 0.32 0.005 0.01 0.10 0.122 %/C % % 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.15 0.12 0.32 0.005 0.05 0.12 0.122 % % 0.01 0.01 0.12 0.003 0.12 % 2 100 152 2 100 102 mV V/C 5 200 302 1 50 20 2 1 50 20 2 1 50 20 2 MHz kHz V/s s 0.8 0.4 0.8 0.4 0.8 0.4 V/Hz V/Hz 1 90 1 90 1 90 mV rms V rms 112 602 Max 112 112 0.1 0.1 0.1 V 30 70 30 70 30 70 mA dB 10 12 5 100 5 200 80 10 12 2 50 2 100 90 10 12 2 50 2 100 90 V V mV V/C mV V/C dB 202 302 702 Rev. C | Page 3 of 20 102 152 702 102 102 AD534 Parameter Bias Current Offset Current Differential Resistance DIVIDER PERFORMANCE Transfer Function (X1 > X2) Min AD534J Typ 0.8 0.1 10 10 V Total Error1 X = 10 V, -10 V Z +10 V X = 1 V, -1 V Z +1 V 0.1 V X 10 V, -10 V Z +10 V SQUARER PERFORMANCE Transfer Function (Z 2 - Z 1 ) (X1 - X 2 ) AD534K Typ 0.8 0.1 10 Min +Y1 (X 1 - X 2 )2 (X 1 - X 2 )2 +Z2 10 V Min +Y1 10 V 62 1 4 3 Rev. C | Page 4 of 20 +Z2 % 15 62 Specifications given are percent of full scale, 10 V (that is, 0.01% = 1 mV). Tested on all production units at final electrical test. Results from those tests are used to calculate outgoing quality levels. Can be reduced down to 3 V using external resistor between -VS and SF. 4 Irreducible component due to nonlinearity; excludes effect of offsets. 5 Using external resistor adjusted to give SF = 3 V. 6 See Figure 1 for definition of sections. 2 % % % (10 V(Z2 - Z1)) + X2 0.25 8 4 Unit A A M +Y1 0.2 182 8 (X1 - X 2 ) (X 1 - X 2 )2 +Z2 15 182 (Z 2 - Z 1 ) Max 2.02 0.22 0.2 0.8 0.8 (10 V(Z2 - Z1)) + X2 0.5 15 AD534L Typ 0.8 0.05 10 10 V 0.3 (10 V(Z2 - Z1)) + X2 1.0 4 (X1 - X 2 ) Max 2.02 0.35 1.0 1.0 0.6 8 (Z 2 - Z 1 ) 10 V 0.75 2.0 2.5 10 V Total Error (-10 V X +10 V) SQUARE-ROOTER PERFORMANCE Transfer Function (Z1 Z2) Total Error1 (1 V Z 10 V) POWER SUPPLY SPECIFICATIONS Supply Voltage Rated Performance Operating Supply Current Quiescent Max 2.02 % 182 V V 62 mA AD534 TA = 25C, VS = 15 V, R 2 k, all minimum and maximum specifications are guaranteed, unless otherwise noted. Table 2. Parameter MULTIPLIER PERFORMANCE Transfer Function Min AD534S Typ ( X 1 - X 2 )(Y1 - Y2 ) 10 V Total Error 1 (-10 V X, Y +10 V) TA = TMIN to TMAX Total Error vs. Temperature Scale Factor Error (SF = 10.000 V Nominal) 3 Temperature Coefficient of Scaling Voltage Supply Rejection (15 V 1 V) Nonlinearity, X (X = 20 V p-p, Y = 10 V) Nonlinearity, Y (Y = 20 V p-p, X = 10 V Feedthrough 4 , X (Y Nulled, X = 20 V p-p, 50 Hz) Feedthrough4, Y (X Nulled, Y = 20 V p-p, 50 Hz) Output Offset Voltage Output Offset Voltage Drift DYNAMICS Small Signal BW (VOUT = 0.1 rms) 1% Amplitude Error (CLOAD = 1000 pF) Slew Rate (VOUT 20 p-p) Settling Time (to 1%, VOUT = 20 V) NOISE Noise Spectral Density SF = 10 V SF = 3 V 5 Wideband Noise f = 10 Hz to 5 MHz f = 10 Hz to 10 kHz OUTPUT Output Voltage Swing Output Impedance (f 1 kHz) Output Short-Circuit Current (RL = 0 , TA = TMIN to TMAX) Amplifier Open-Loop Gain (f = 50 Hz) INPUT AMPLIFIERS (X, Y, and Z) 6 Signal Voltage Range Differential or Common Mode Operating Differential Offset Voltage (X, Y) Offset Voltage Drift (X, Y) Offset Voltage (Z) Offset Voltage Drift (Z) CMRR Bias Current Offset Current Differential Resistance Max Min ( X 1 - X 2 )(Y1 - Y2 ) + Z2 10 V 1.0 2 2.02 0.022 Max Unit + Z2 0.52 0.012 % % %/C 1.0 0.25 0.02 0.01 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.01 0.01 0.2 0.1 0.32 0.12 % %/C % % % 0.3 0.15 0.32 % 0.01 2 0.12 152 3002 % mV V/C 0.01 5 302 5002 1 50 20 2 1 50 20 2 MHz kHz V/s s 0.8 0.4 0.8 0.4 V/Hz V/Hz 1 90 1 90 mV/rms V/rms 0.1 30 70 0.1 30 70 V mA dB 10 12 5 100 5 10 12 2 150 2 112 602 AD534T Typ 112 80 0.8 0.1 10 Rev. C | Page 5 of 20 202 302 5002 702 2 2.0 90 0.8 0.1 10 102 152 3002 2.02 V V mV V/C mV V/C dB A A M AD534 Parameter DIVIDER PERFORMANCE Transfer Function (X1 > X2) Min AD534S Typ 10 V Total Error1 X = 10 V, -10 V Z +10 V X = 1 V, -1 V Z +1 V 0.1 V X 10 V, -10 V Z +10 V SQUARER PERFORMANCE Transfer Function (Z 2 - Z 1 ) (X1 - X 2 ) Min +Y1 ( X 1 - X 2 )2 10 V 3 Rev. C | Page 6 of 20 +Z2 % (10 V(Z2 - Z1)) + X2 0.5 8 62 Specifications given are percent of full scale, 10 V (that is, 0.01% = 1 mV). Tested on all production units at final electrical test. Results from those tests are used to calculate outgoing quality levels. Can be reduced down to 3 V using external resistor between -VS and SF. 4 Irreducible component due to nonlinearity: excludes effect of offsets. 5 Using external resistor adjusted to give SF = 3 V. 6 See Figure 1 for definition of sections. 2 % % % 15 222 4 Unit +Y1 0.3 15 1 (X1 - X 2 ) ( X 1 - X 2 )2 +Z2 (10 V(Z2 - Z1)) + X2 1.0 4 (Z 2 - Z 1 ) Max 0.35 1.0 1.0 0.6 8 AD534T Typ 10 V 0.75 2.0 2.5 10 V Total Error (-10 V X +10 V) SQUARE-ROOTER PERFORMANCE Transfer Function (Z1 Z2) Total Error1 (1 V Z 10 V) POWER SUPPLY SPECIFICATIONS Supply Voltage Rated Performance Operating Supply Current Quiescent Max % 222 V V 62 mA AD534 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS +VS X1 Table 3. AD534S, AD534T 22 V 500 mW Indefinite Indefinite VS VS 0C to +70C -55C to +125C -65C to +150C -65C to +150C 300C 300C 8 A 0.076 (1.93) SF Z1 Y2 -VS Z2 0.100 (2.54) Figure 2. Chip Dimensions and Bonding Diagram Dimensions shown in inches and (mm) Contact factory for latest dimensions. +VS 470k 50k 1k THERMAL RESISTANCE TO APPROPRIATE INPUT TERMINAL -VS JA is specified for the worst-case conditions, that is, a device soldered in a circuit board for surface-mount packages. Figure 3. Optional Trimming Configuration ESD CAUTION Table 4. Thermal Resistance JA 150 95 95 JC 25 25 25 Unit C/W C/W C/W Rev. C | Page 7 of 20 09675-004 Y1 Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only; functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational section of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. Package Type 10-Pin TO-100 (H-10) 14-Lead SBDIP (D-14) 20-Terminal LCC (E-20-1) 5 3 4 09675-005 Parameter Supply Voltage Internal Power Dissipation Output Short Circuit to Ground Input Voltages (X1, X2, Y1, Y2, Z1, Z2) Rated Operating Temperature Range Storage Temperature Range Lead Temperature Range, 60 sec Soldering X2 AD534J, AD534K, AD534L 18 V 500 mW OUT AD534 PIN CONFIGURATIONS AND FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS +VS X2 OUT 9 10 1 8 AD534 TOP VIEW (Not to 2 Scale) SF 3 Y1 4 Z1 7 6 Z2 5 -VS Y2 09675-001 X1 Figure 4. TO-100 (H-10) Pin Configuration Table 5. H-10 Package Pin Function Descriptions Pin No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Mnemonic X2 SF Y1 Y2 -VS Z2 Z1 OUT +VS X1 Description Inverting Differential Input of the X Multiplicand Input. Scale Factor Input. Noninverting Differential Input of the Y Multiplicand Input. Inverting Differential Input of the Y Multiplicand Input. Negative Supply Rail. Inverting Differential Input of the Z Reference Input. Noninverting Differential Input of the Z Reference Input. Product Output. Positive Supply Rail. Noninverting Differential Input of the X Multiplicand Input. X1 1 X2 2 NC 3 14 +VS 13 NC AD534 NC 12 OUT TOP VIEW 11 Z1 (Not to Scale) 5 10 Z2 Y1 6 9 NC Y2 7 8 -VS NC = NO CONNECT. DO NOT CONNECT TO THIS PIN. 09675-002 SF 4 Figure 5. TO-100 (D-14) Pin Configuration Table 6. D-14 Package Pin Function Descriptions Pin No. 1 2 3, 5, 9, 13 4 6 7 8 10 11 12 14 Mnemonic X1 X2 NC SF Y1 Y2 -VS Z2 Z1 OUT +VS Description Noninverting Differential Input of the X Multiplicand Input. Inverting Differential Input of the X Multiplicand Input. No Connect. Do not connect to this pin. Scale Factor Input. Noninverting Differential Input of the Y Multiplicand Input. Inverting Differential Input of the Y Multiplicand Input. Negative Supply Rail. Inverting Differential Input of the Z Reference Input. Noninverting Differential Input of the Z Reference Input. Product Output. Positive Supply rail. Rev. C | Page 8 of 20 2 1 NC X1 NC 3 +VS X2 AD534 20 19 18 OUT AD534 17 NC TOP VIEW (Not to Scale) 16 Z1 15 NC 14 Z2 NC 4 SF 6 NC 7 NC 8 NC -VS NC 10 11 12 13 Y2 Y1 9 NC = NO CONNECT. DO NOT CONNECT TO THIS PIN. 09675-003 NC 5 Figure 6. LCC (E-20-1) Pin Configuration Table 7. E-20-1 Package Pin Function Descriptions Pin No. 1, 4, 5, 7, 8, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19 2 3 6 9 10 12 14 16 19 20 Mnemonic NC X1 X2 SF Y1 Y2 -VS Z2 Z1 OUT +VS Description No Connect. Do not connect to this pin. Noninverting Differential Input of the X Multiplicand Input. Inverting Differential Input of the X Multiplicand Input. Scale Factor Input. Noninverting Differential Input of the Y Multiplicand Input. Inverting Differential Input of the Y Multiplicand Input. Negative Supply Rail. Inverting Differential Input of the Z Reference Input. Noninverting Differential Input of the Z Reference Input. Product Output. Positive Supply Rail. Rev. C | Page 9 of 20 AD534 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS Typical at 25C, with VS = 15 V dc, unless otherwise noted. 1000 OUTPUT, RL 2k 12 100 10 8 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE SUPPLY (V) 20 1 0.1 10 Y-FEEDTHROUGH 100 1k 10k 100k FREQUENCY (Hz) 1M 10M Figure 10. AC Feedthrough vs. Frequency Figure 7. Input/Output Signal Range vs. Supply Voltages 800 1.5 600 NOISE SPECTRAL DENSITY (V/ Hz) 700 BIAS CURRENT (nA) X-FEEDTHROUGH SCALING VOLTAGE = 10V 500 400 300 200 0 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 TEMPERATURE (C) 100 120 140 SCALING VOLTAGE = 10V 0.5 0 10 09675-021 SCALING VOLTAGE = 3V 100 1 SCALING VOLTAGE = 3V 100 1k FREQUENCY (Hz) 10k 100k 09675-024 4 10 09675-023 FEEDTHROUGH (mV p-p) ALL INPUTS, SF = 10V 09675-020 PEAK POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE SIGNAL (V) 14 Figure 11. Noise Spectral Density vs. Frequency Figure 8. Bias Current vs. Temperature (X, Y, or Z Input) 90 100 OUTPUT NOISE VOLTAGE (V rms) 80 70 TYPICAL FOR ALL INPUTS 50 40 30 20 CONDITIONS: 10Hz TO 10kHz BANDWIDTH 80 70 60 0 100 1k 10k FREQUENCY (Hz) 100k 1M 50 2.5 Figure 9. Common-Mode Rejection Ratio vs. Frequency 5.0 7.5 SCALING VOLTAGE, SF (V) Figure 12. Wideband Noise vs. Scaling Voltage Rev. C | Page 10 of 20 10.0 09675-025 10 09675-022 CMRR (dB) 60 90 AD534 10 60 0 40 -10 CL 1000pF CF 200pF -20 WITH x10 FEEDBACK ATTENUATOR -30 10k Figure 13. Frequency Response as a Multiplier VX = 1V dc VZ = 100mV rms 0 NORMAL CONNECTION 100k 1M FREQUENCY (Hz) 20 VX = 10V dc VZ = 1V rms 10M -20 1k 10k 100k FREQUENCY (Hz) 1M 10M 09675-027 CL 1000pF CF = 0pF VX = 100mV dc VZ = 10mV rms ( ) VO OUTPUT - dB V Z CL = 0pF 09675-026 OUTPUT RESPONSE (dB) 0dB = 0.1V RMS, RL = 2k Figure 14. Frequency Response vs. Divider Denominator Input Voltage Rev. C | Page 11 of 20 AD534 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION Figure 1 shows a functional block diagram of the AD534. Inputs are converted to differential currents by three identical voltageto-current converters, each trimmed for zero offset. The product of the X and Y currents is generated by a multiplier cell using Gilbert's translinear technique. An on-chip buried Zener provides a highly stable reference, which is laser trimmed to provide an overall scale factor of 10 V. The difference between XY/SF and Z is then applied to the high gain output amplifier. This permits various closed-loop configurations and dramatically reduces nonlinearities due to the input amplifiers, a dominant source of distortion in earlier designs. The effectiveness of the new scheme can be judged from the fact that, under typical conditions as a multiplier, the nonlinearity on the Y input, with X at full scale (10 V), is 0.005% of FS. Even at its worst point, which occurs when X = 6.4 V, nonlinearity is typically only 0.05% of FS. Nonlinearity for signals applied to the X input, on the other hand, is determined almost entirely by the multiplier element and is parabolic in form. This error is a major factor in determining the overall accuracy of the unit and therefore is closely related to the device grade. The generalized transfer function for the AD534 is given by (X1 - X 2 )(Y1 - Y2 ) - (Z SF 1 PROVIDES GAIN WITH LOW NOISE The AD534 is the first general-purpose multiplier capable of providing gains up to x100, frequently eliminating the need for separate instrumentation amplifiers to precondition the inputs. The AD534 can be very effectively employed as a variable gain differential input amplifier with high common-mode rejection. The gain option is available in all modes and simplifies the implementation of many function-fitting algorithms such as those used to generate sine and tangent. The utility of this feature is enhanced by the inherent low noise of the AD534: 90 V rms (depending on the gain), a factor of 10 lower than previous monolithic multipliers. Drift and feedthrough are also substantially reduced over earlier designs. OPERATION AS A MULTIPLIER - Z2 ) where: A is the open-loop gain of the output amplifier, typically 70 dB at dc. X1, Y1, Z1, X2, Y2, and Z2 are the input voltages (full scale = SF, peak = 1.25 SF). SF is the scale factor, pretrimmed to 10.00 V but adjustable by the user down to 3 V. In most cases, the open-loop gain can be regarded as infinite, and SF is 10 V. The operation performed by the AD534, can then be described in terms of the following equation: (X1 - X2)(Y1 -Y2 ) = 10 V (Z1 - Z2) The user can adjust SF for values between 10.00 V and 3 V by connecting an external resistor in series with a potentiometer between SF and -VS. The approximate value of the total resistance for a given value of SF is given by the relationship: R S F = 5.4 k Supply voltages of 15 V are generally assumed. However, satisfactory operation is possible down to 8 V (see Figure 7). Because all inputs maintain a constant peak input capability of 1.25 SF, some feedback attenuation is necessary to achieve output voltage swings in excess of 12 V when using higher supply voltages. SF 1 0 - SF Due to device tolerances, allowance should be made to vary RSF by 25% using the potentiometer. Considerable reduction in bias currents, noise, and drift can be achieved by decreasing SF. This has the overall effect of increasing signal gain without the customary increase in noise. Note that the peak input signal is always limited to 1.25 SF (that is, 5 V for SF = 4 V) so the overall transfer function shows a maximum gain of 1.25. The performance with small input signals, however, is improved by using a lower scale factor because the dynamic range of the Figure 15 shows the basic connection for multiplication. Note that the circuit meets all specifications without trimming. X INPUT 10V FS 12V PK X1 +VS X2 OUT AD534 SF Y INPUT 10V FS 12V PK Y1 Y2 +15V Z1 OUTPUT, 12V PK = (X1 - X2) (Y1 - Y2) + Z2 10V Z2 OPTIONAL SUMMING INPUT, Z, 10V PK -VS -15V 09675-007 VOUT = A inputs is now fully utilized. Bandwidth is unaffected by the use of this option. Figure 15. Basic Multiplier Connection To reduce ac feedthrough to a minimum (as in a suppressed carrier modulator), apply an external trim voltage (30 mV range required) to the X or Y input (see Figure 3). Figure 10 shows the typical ac feedthrough with this adjustment mode. Note that the Y input is a factor of 10 lower than the X input and should be used in applications where null suppression is critical. The high impedance Z2 terminal of the AD534 can be used to sum an additional signal into the output. In this mode, the output amplifier behaves as a voltage follower with a 1 MHz small signal bandwidth and a 20 V/s slew rate. This terminal should always be referenced to the ground point of the driven system, particularly if this is remote. Likewise, the differential inputs should be referenced to their respective ground potentials to realize the full accuracy of the AD534. A much lower scaling voltage can be achieved without any reduction of input signal range using a feedback attenuator as shown in Figure 16. In this example, the scale is such that VOUT = Rev. C | Page 12 of 20 AD534 If the application depends on accurate operation for inputs that are always less than 3 V, the use of a reduced value of SF is recommended as described in the Functional Description section. Alternatively, a feedback attenuator can be used to raise the output level. This is put to use in the difference-of-squares application to compensate for the factor of 2 loss involved in generating the sum term (see Figure 20). X1 +VS X2 OUT AD534 Y INPUT 10V FS 12V PK +15V OUTPUT, 12V PK = (X1 - X2) (Y1 - Y2) (SCALE = 1V) 90k SF Z1 Y1 Z2 Y2 -VS OPTIONAL PEAKING CAPACITOR CF = 200pF 10k 09675-008 X INPUT 10V FS 12V PK -15V Figure 16. Connections for Scale Factor of Unity Feedback attenuation also retains the capability for adding a signal to the output. Signals can be applied to the high impedance Z2 terminal where they are amplified by +10 or to the common ground connection where they are amplified by +1. Input signals can also be applied to the lower end of the 10 k resistor, giving a gain of -9. Other values of feedback ratio, up to x100, can be used to combine multiplication with gain. Occasionally, it may be desirable to convert the output to a current into a load of unspecified impedance or dc level. For example, the function of multiplication is sometimes followed by integration; if the output is in the form of a current, a simple capacitor provides the integration function. Figure 17 shows how this can be achieved. This method can also be applied in squaring, dividing, and square rooting modes by appropriate choice of terminals. This technique is used in the voltage controlled low-pass filter and the differential input voltage-tofrequency converter shown in the Applications Information section. X1 X2 +VS OUT AD534 Y INPUT 10V FS 12V PK SF Z1 Y1 Z2 Y2 CURRENT-SENSING RESISTOR, RS, 2k MIN IOUT = -VS OPERATION AS A DIVIDER Figure 18 shows the connection required for division. Unlike earlier products, the AD534 provides differential operation on both numerator and denominator, allowing the ratio of two floating variables to be generated. Further flexibility results from access to a high impedance summing input to Y1. As with all dividers based on the use of a multiplier in a feedback loop, the bandwidth is proportional to the denominator magnitude, as shown in Figure 14. X INPUT (DENOMINATOR) 10V FS 12V PK OPTIONAL SUMMING INPUT 10V PK (X1 - X2) (Y1 - Y2) 1 x 10V RS + - X1 +VS X2 OUT AD534 SF Z1 Y1 Z2 Y2 -VS +15V OUTPUT, 12V PK = 10V (Z2 - Z1) + Y1 (X1 - X2) Z INPUT (NUMERATOR) 10V FS 12V PK -15V Figure 18. Basic Divider Connection INTEGRATOR CAPACITOR (SEE TEXT) 09675-009 X INPUT 10V FS 12V PK The difference of squares function is also used as the basis for a novel rms-to-dc converter shown in Figure 27. The averaging filter is a true integrator, and the loop seeks to zero its input. For this to occur, (VIN)2 - (VOUT)2 = 0 V (for signals whose period is well below the averaging time constant). Therefore, VOUT is forced to equal the rms value of VIN. The absolute accuracy of this technique is very high; at medium frequencies and for signals near full scale, it is determined almost entirely by the ratio of the resistors in the inverting amplifier. The multiplier scaling voltage affects only open-loop gain. The data shown is typical of performance that can be achieved with an AD534K, but even using an AD534J, this technique can readily provide better than 1% accuracy over a wide frequency range, even for crest factors in excess of 10. 09675-010 (X1 - X2)(Y1 - Y2), so that the circuit can exhibit a maximum gain of 10. This connection results in a reduction of bandwidth to about 80 kHz without the peaking capacitor CF = 200 pF. In addition, the output offset voltage is increased by a factor of 10 making external adjustments necessary in some applications. Adjustment is made by connecting a 4.7 M resistor between Z1 and the slider of a potentiometer connected across the supplies to provide 300 mV of trim range at the output. Figure 17. Conversion of Output to Current OPERATION AS A SQUARER Operation as a squarer is achieved in the same fashion as the multiplier except that the X and Y inputs are used in parallel. The differential inputs can be used to determine the output polarity (positive for X1 = Yl and X2 = Y2, negative if either one of the inputs is reversed). Accuracy in the squaring mode is typically a factor of 2 better than in the multiplying mode and the largest errors occurring with small values of output for input below 1 V. Without additional trimming, the accuracy of the AD534K and AD534L is sufficient to maintain a 1% error over a 10 V to 1 V denominator range. This range can be extended to 100:1 by simply reducing the X offset with an externally generated trim voltage (range required is 3.5 mV maximum) applied to the unused X input (see Figure 3). To trim, apply a ramp of +100 mV to +V at 100 Hz to both X1 and Z1 (if X2 is used for offset adjustment; otherwise, reverse the signal polarity) and adjust the trim voltage to minimize the variation in the output Because the output is near 10 V, it should be ac-coupled for this adjustment. The increase in noise level and reduction in bandwidth preclude operation much beyond a ratio of 100 to 1. Rev. C | Page 13 of 20 AD534 In contrast to earlier devices, which were intolerant of capacitive loads in the square root modes, the AD534 is stable with all loads up to at least 1000 pF. For critical applications, a small adjustment to the Z input offset (see Figure 3) improves accuracy for inputs below 1 V. As with the multiplier connection, overall gain can be introduced by inserting a simple attenuator between the output and Y2 terminal. This option and the differential ratio capability of the AD534 are used in the percentage computer application shown in Figure 24. This configuration generates an output proportional to the percentage deviation of one variable (A) with respect to a reference variable (B), with a scale of 1% per volt. UNPRECEDENTED FLEXIBILITY OPERATION AS A SQUARE ROOTER The operation of the AD534 in the square root mode is shown in Figure 19. The diode prevents a latching condition, which may occur if the input momentarily changes polarity. As shown, the output is always positive; it can be changed to a negative output by reversing the diode direction and interchanging the X inputs. Because the signal input is differential, all combinations of input and output polarities can be realized, but operation is restricted to the one quadrant associated with each combination of inputs. The precise calibration and differential Z input provide a degree of flexibility found in no other currently available multiplier. Standard multiplication, division, squaring, square-rooting (MDSSR) functions are easily implemented while the restriction to particular input/output polarities imposed by earlier designs has been eliminated. Signals can be summed into the output, with or without gain and with either a positive or negative sense. Many new modes based on implicit function synthesis have been made possible, usually requiring only external passive components. The output can be in the form of a current, if desired, facilitating such operations as integration. OUTPUT, 12V PK = 10V (Z2 - Z1) + X2 +VS X2 OUT AD534 +15V SF Z1 - Y1 Z2 + Y2 -VS REVERSE THIS AND X INPUTS FOR NEGATIVE OUTPUTS RL (MUST BE PROVIDED) Z INPUT 10V FS 12V PK -15V 09675-011 OPTIONAL SUMMING INPUT X, 10V PK X1 Figure 19. Square-Rooter Connection Rev. C | Page 14 of 20 AD534 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION The versatility of the AD534 allows the creative designer to implement a variety of circuits such as wattmeters, frequency doublers, and automatic gain controls. MODULATION INPUT, EM OUT AD534 A+B 2 B +15V 30k SF Z1 Y1 Z2 Y2 -VS A2 - B2 OUTPUT = 10V CARRIER INPUT EC sin t 10k -15V 2k SIGNAL INPUT, ES, 5V PK +VS X2 OUT AD534 Z1 Y1 Z2 Y2 -VS OUTPUT, 12V PK = 1k EC ES 0.1V 9k 0.005F 1k -15V NOTES 1. GAIN IS x 10 PER VOLT OF EC, ZERO TO x 50. 2. WIDEBAND (10Hz TO 30kHz) OUTPUT NOISE IS 3mV rms, TYP CORRESPONDING TO A.F.S. SNR OF 70dB. 3. NOISE REFERRED TO SIGNAL INPUT, WITH EC = 5V, IS 60V rms, TYP. 4. BANDWIDTH IS DC TO 20kHz, -3dB, INDEPENDENT OF GAIN. B INPUT, (+VE ONLY) 10k INPUT, E 0V TO +10V X2 OUT AD534 SF Y1 Z2 Y2 -VS -15V X1 +VS X2 OUT AD534 SF Z1 Y1 Z2 Y2 -VS +15V OUTPUT = (100V) (1% PER VOLT) A-B B A INPUT () -15V +15V OUTPUT = (10V) sin E WHERE = x 10V 2 4.7k Z1 -VS Figure 24. Percentage Computer 4.3k X1 +VS X2 OUT AD534 3k SF Z1 Y1 Z2 Y2 -VS -15V USING CLOSE TOLERANCE RESISTORS AND AD543L, ACCURACY OF FIT IS WITHIN 0.5% AT ALL POINTS. IS IN RADIANS. INPUT, Y 10V FS 09675-014 18k +VS Y2 OTHER SCALES, FROM 10% PER VOLT TO 0.1% PER VOLT CAN BE OBTAINED BY ALTERING THE FEEDBACK RATIO. Figure 21. Voltage-Controlled Amplifier X1 Z2 +15V 39k SF Y1 Figure 23. Linear AM Modulator 09675-013 -VS SET GAIN 1k X1 Z1 EM E sin t 10V C THE SF PIN OR A Z ATTENUATOR CAN BE USED TO PROVIDE OVERALL SIGNAL AMPLIFICATION. OPERATION FROM A SINGLE SUPPLY POSSIBLE; BIAS Y2 TO VS/2. Figure 20. Difference of Squares CONTROL INPUT, EC, 0V TO 5V SF OUTPUT = 1 09675-015 X2 OUT 09675-016 +VS X2 +15V Figure 22. Sine Function Generator +15V OUTPUT, 5V/PK = y (10V) 1+y Y WHERE y = (10V) -15V Figure 25. Bridge Linearization Function Rev. C | Page 15 of 20 09675-017 X1 A-B 2 +VS AD534 09675-012 A X1 AD534 +15V 39k +VS X2 OUT AD534 SF 3pF to 30pF +15V Z1 3 + Y1 Z2 - Y2 -VS OUTPUT 15V APPROX. PINS 5, 6, 8 TO +15V PINS 1, 4 TO -15V EC 1 f= x = 1kHz PER VOLT 40 CR WITH VALUES SHOWN 0.01 (= C) -15V 7 AD211 500 2.2k (= R) CONTROL INPUT, EC 100mV TO 10V 82k 2 ADJ 1kHz CALIBRATION PROCEDURE: WITH EC = 1.0V, ADJUST POTENTIOMETER TO SET f = 1.000kHz WITH EC = 8.0V, ADJUST TRIMMER CAPACITOR TO SET f = 8.000kHz. LINEARITY WILL TYPICALLY BE WITHIN 0.1% OF FS FOR ANY OTHER INPUT. DUE TO DELAYS IN THE COMPARATOR, THIS TECHNIQUE IS NOT SUITABLE FOR MAXIMUM FREQUENCIES ABOVE 10kHz. FOR FREQUENCIES ABOVE 10kHz THE AD537 VOLTAGE-TO-FREQUENCY CONVERTER IS RECOMMENDED. A TRIANGLE-WAVE OF 5V PK APPEARS ACROSS THE 0.01F CAPACITOR: IF USED AS AN OUTPUT, A VOLTAGE-FOLLOWER SHOULD BE INTERPOSED. 09675-018 X1 2k ADJ 8kHz Figure 26. Differential Input Voltage-to-Frequency Converter MATCHED TO 0.025% 20k 10k AD741K RMS + DC MODE AC RMS X1 +VS X2 OUT +15V 5k 10k + 10F SOLID Ta 10k AD534 OUTPUT 0V TO 5V Z1 SF 10k Z2 Y1 10M -VS Y2 20k -15V ZERO ADJ AD741J +15V CALIBRATION PROCEDURE: WITH MODE SWITCH IN `RMS + DC' POSITION, APPLY AN INPUT OF +1.00V DC. ADJUST ZERO UNTIL OUTPUT READS SAME AS INPUT. CHECK FOR INPUTS OF 10V; OUTPUT SHOULD BE WITHIN 0.05% (5mV). ACCURACY IS MAINTAINED FROM 60Hz TO 100kHz, AND IS TYPICALLY HIGH BY 0.5% AT 1MHz FOR VIN = 4V RMS (SINE, SQUARE, OR TRIANGLULAR-WAVE). PROVIDED THAT THE PEAK INPUT IS NOT EXCEEDED, CREST FACTORS UP TO AT LEAST 10 HAVE NO APPRECIABLE EFFECT ON ACCURACY. INPUT IMPEDANCE IS ABOUT 10k; FOR HIGH (10M) IMPEDANCE, REMOVE MODE SWITCH AND INPUT COUPLING COMPONENTS. FOR GUARANTEED SPECIFICATIONS THE AD536A AND AD636 ARE OFFERED AS A SINGLE PACKAGE RMS-TO-DC CONVERTER. Figure 27. Wideband, High-Crest Factor, RMS-to-DC Converter Rev. C | Page 16 of 20 09675-019 INPUT 5V RMS FS 10V PEAK 10F NONPOLAR 10k AD534 OUTLINE DIMENSIONS REFERENCE PLANE 0.500 (12.70) MIN 0.185 (4.70) 0.165 (4.19) 0.160 (4.06) 0.110 (2.79) 0.335 (8.51) 0.305 (7.75) 0.370 (9.40) 0.335 (8.51) 6 7 5 0.021 (0.53) 0.016 (0.40) 0.115 (2.92) BSC 8 4 9 3 10 2 0.230 (5.84) BSC BASE & SEATING PLANE 0.040 (1.02) MAX 1 0.045 (1.14) 0.025 (0.65) 0.034 (0.86) 0.025 (0.64) 36 BSC 0.050 (1.27) MAX 022306-A DIMENSIONS PER JEDEC STANDARDS MO-006-AF CONTROLLING DIMENSIONS ARE IN INCHES; MILLIMETER DIMENSIONS (IN PARENTHESES) ARE ROUNDED-OFF INCH EQUIVALENTS FOR REFERENCE ONLY AND ARE NOT APPROPRIATE FOR USE IN DESIGN. Figure 28. 10-Pin Metal Header Package [TO-100] (H-10) Dimensions shown in inches and (millimeters) 0.005 (0.13) MIN 0.080 (2.03) MAX 8 14 1 PIN 1 0.200 (5.08) MAX 7 0.310 (7.87) 0.220 (5.59) 0.100 (2.54) BSC 0.765 (19.43) MAX 0.200 (5.08) 0.125 (3.18) 0.023 (0.58) 0.014 (0.36) 0.320 (8.13) 0.290 (7.37) 0.060 (1.52) 0.015 (0.38) 0.150 (3.81) MIN SEATING PLANE 0.070 (1.78) 0.030 (0.76) 0.015 (0.38) 0.008 (0.20) CONTROLLING DIMENSIONS ARE IN INCHES; MILLIMETER DIMENSIONS (IN PARENTHESES) ARE ROUNDED-OFF INCH EQUIVALENTS FOR REFERENCE ONLY AND ARE NOT APPROPRIATE FOR USE IN DESIGN. Figure 29. 14-Lead Side-Brazed Ceramic Dual In-Line Package [SBDIP] (D-14) Dimensions shown in inches and (millimeters) 0.358 (9.09) 0.342 (8.69) SQ 0.358 (9.09) MAX SQ 0.088 (2.24) 0.054 (1.37) 0.200 (5.08) REF 0.100 (2.54) REF 0.015 (0.38) MIN 0.075 (1.91) REF 0.095 (2.41) 0.075 (1.90) 0.011 (0.28) 0.007 (0.18) R TYP 0.075 (1.91) REF 0.055 (1.40) 0.045 (1.14) 19 18 3 20 4 0.028 (0.71) 0.022 (0.56) 1 BOTTOM VIEW 0.050 (1.27) BSC 8 14 13 9 45 TYP 0.150 (3.81) BSC CONTROLLING DIMENSIONS ARE IN INCHES; MILLIMETER DIMENSIONS (IN PARENTHESES) ARE ROUNDED-OFF INCH EQUIVALENTS FOR REFERENCE ONLY AND ARE NOT APPROPRIATE FOR USE IN DESIGN. Figure 30. 20-Terminal Ceramic Leadless Chip Carrier [LCC] (E-20-1) Dimensions shown in inches and (millimeters) Rev. C | Page 17 of 20 022106-A 0.100 (2.54) 0.064 (1.63) AD534 ORDERING GUIDE Model 1 AD534JD AD534JDZ AD534KD AD534KDZ AD534LD AD534LDZ AD534JH AD534JHZ AD534KH AD534KHZ AD534LH AD534LHZ AD534K Chips AD534SD AD534SD/883B AD534TD AD534TD/883B AD534SE/883B AD534TE/883B AD534SH AD534SH/883B AD534TH AD534TH/883B AD534S Chips AD534T Chips 1 Temperature Range 0C to +70C 0C to +70C 0C to +70C 0C to +70C 0C to +70C 0C to +70C 0C to +70C 0 C to +70C 0C to +70C 0C to +70C 0C to +70C 0C to +70C 0C to +70C -55C to +125C -55C to +125C -55C to +125C -55C to +125C -55C to +125C -55C to +125C -55C to +125C -55C to +125C -55C to +125C -55C to +125C -55C to +125C -55C to +125C Package Description 14-Lead Side Brazed Ceramic Dual In-Line Package [SBDIP] 14-Lead Side Brazed Ceramic Dual In-Line Package [SBDIP] 14-Lead Side Brazed Ceramic Dual In-Line Package [SBDIP] 14-Lead Side Brazed Ceramic Dual In-Line Package [SBDIP] 14-Lead Side Brazed Ceramic Dual In-Line Package [SBDIP] 14-Lead Side Brazed Ceramic Dual In-Line Package [SBDIP] 10-Pin Metal Header Package [TO-100] 10-Pin Metal Header Package [TO-100] 10-Pin Metal Header Package [TO-100] 10-Pin Metal Header Package [TO-100] 10-Pin Metal Header Package [TO-100] 10-Pin Metal Header Package [TO-100] Chip 14-Lead Side Brazed Ceramic Dual In-Line Package [SBDIP] 14-Lead Side Brazed Ceramic Dual In-Line Package [SBDIP] 14-Lead Side Brazed Ceramic Dual In-Line Package [SBDIP] 14-Lead Side Brazed Ceramic Dual In-Line Package [SBDIP] 20-Terminal Ceramic Leadless Chip Carrier [LCC] 20-Terminal Ceramic Leadless Chip Carrier [LCC] 10-Pin Metal Header Package [TO-100] 10-Pin Metal Header Package [TO-100] 10-Pin Metal Header Package [TO-100] 10-Pin Metal Header Package [TO-100] Chip Chip Z = RoHS Compliant Part. Rev. C | Page 18 of 20 Package Option D-14 D-14 D-14 D-14 D-14 D-14 H-10 H-10 H-10 H-10 H-10 H-10 D-14 D-14 D-14 D-14 E-20-1 E-20-1 H-10 H-10 H-10 H-10 AD534 NOTES Rev. C | Page 19 of 20 AD534 NOTES (c)1977-2011 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. D09675-0-4/11(C) Rev. C | Page 20 of 20