Rev. 1.0 250
Si106x/108x
23.2.2. RX/TX Data Interface With MCU
There are two different options for transferring the data from the RF device to the host MCU. FIFO mode
uses the SPI interface to transfer the data, while direct mode transfers the data in real time over GPIO.
23.2.2.1. FIFO Mode
In FIFO mode, the transmit and receive data is stored in integrated FIFO register memory. The TX FIFO is
accessed by writing Command 66h followed directly by the data/clk that the host wants to write into the TX
FIFO. The RX FIFO is accessed by writing command 77h followed by the number of clock cycles of data
the host would like to read out of the RX FIFO. The RX data will be clocked out onto the SDO pin.
In TX mode, if the packet handler is enabled, the data bytes stored in FIFO memory are "packaged"
together with other fields and bytes of information to construct the final transmit packet structure. These
other potential fields include the Preamble, Sync word, Header, CRC checksum, etc. The configuration of
the packet structure in TX mode is determined by the Automatic Packet Handler (if enabled), in conjunction
with a variety of Packet Handler properties. If the Automatic Packet Handler is disabled, the entire desired
packet structure should be loaded into FIFO memory; no other fields (such as Preamble or Sync word) will
be automatically added to the bytes stored in FIFO memory. For further information on the configuration of
the FIFOs for a specific application or packet size, see Section “25. Data Handling and Packet Handler” on
page 262. In RX mode, only the bytes of the received packet structure that are considered to be "data
bytes" are stored in FIFO memory. Which bytes of the received packet are considered "data bytes" is
determined by the Automatic Packet Handler (if enabled) in conjunction with the Packet Handler configura-
tion. If the Automatic Packet Handler is disabled, all bytes following the Sync word are considered data
bytes and are stored in FIFO memory. Thus, even if Automatic Packet Handling operation is not desired,
the preamble detection threshold and Sync word still need to be programmed so that the RX Modem
knows when to start filling data into the FIFO. When the FIFO is being used in RX mode, all of the received
data may still be observed directly (in realtime) by properly programming a GPIO pin as the RXDATA out-
put pin; this can be quite useful during application development. When in FIFO mode, the chip will auto-
matically exit the TX or RX State when either the PACKET_SENT or PACKET_RX interrupt occurs. The
chip will return to the IDLE state programmed in the API.
23.2.2.2. Direct Mode (Si1060–Si1063, Si1080-Si1083)
For legacy systems that perform packet handling within the host MCU or other baseband chip, it may not
be desirable to use the FIFO. For this scenario, a Direct mode is provided, which bypasses the FIFOs
entirely. In TX Direct mode, the TX modulation data is applied to an input pin of the chip and processed in
"real time" (i.e., not stored in a register for transmission at a later time). Any of the GPIOs may be config-
ured for use as the TX Data input function. Furthermore, an additional pin may be required for a TX Clock
output function if GFSK modulation is desired (only the TX Data input pin is required for FSK). To achieve
direct mode, the GPIO must be configured in the API.
23.3. Preamble Length
The preamble length requirement is only relevant if using the synchronous demodulator. If the asynchro-
nous demodulator is being used, then there is no requirement for a conventional 101010 pattern.
The preamble detection threshold determines the number of valid preamble bits the radio must receive to
qualify a valid preamble. The preamble threshold should be adjusted depending on the nature of the appli-
cation. The required preamble length threshold depends on when receive mode is entered in relation to the
start of the transmitted packet and the length of the transmit preamble. With a shorter than recommended
preamble detection threshold, the probability of false detection is directly related to how long the receiver
operates on noise before the transmit preamble is received. False detection on noise may cause the actual
packet to be missed. The preamble detection threshold may be adjusted in the modem calculator by mod-
ifying the "PM detection threshold" in the "RX parameters tab" in the radio control panel. For most applica-
tions with a preamble length longer than 32 bits, the default value of 20 is recommended for the preamble
detection threshold. A shorter Preamble Detection Threshold may be chosen if occasional false detections